![]() ![]() The timers would switch the traffic lights on and off at specific times of the day, regardless of the traffic flow on the road. Traditionally, traffic lights were controlled using mechanical timers set to a pre-determined schedule. By integrating these systems, smart city traffic light systems can create a seamless traffic flow and reduce congestion. Smart city traffic light systems take traffic light management to the next level by incorporating other smart city technologies, such as connected vehicles, smart parking, and public transportation systems. They also provide real-time data on traffic conditions, which can be used to plan road improvements and optimize traffic flow. These systems allow traffic engineers to monitor traffic flow and adjust the timing of traffic lights to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion. Traffic light management systems monitor and control traffic lights across a city or region. Regular maintenance and inspections can also help identify potential issues before they become more serious. To mitigate the risks associated with vandalism and damage, many traffic light systems are equipped with security cameras and other measures to deter potential vandals. Acts of vandalism, such as spray-painting or breaking lights, can make it difficult for drivers to see signals, leading to confusion and potentially dangerous situations. Vandalism and damage to traffic light systems can also impact their performance and reliability. Additionally, some systems are designed to automatically switch to a flashing red or yellow mode in the event of a power outage, providing drivers with additional guidance and reducing the risk of accidents. To address this issue, many traffic light systems have backup power sources, such as batteries or generators. When a traffic light system loses power, it can create confusion and potentially dangerous situations for drivers, cyclists, and pedestrians. Power outages are another common factor affecting traffic light performance and reliability. Many traffic light systems are designed to be highly durable and weather-resistant to mitigate the risks associated with weather events. Extreme temperatures, heavy rain, snow, and other weather events can all cause damage to traffic light systems, leading to malfunctions and other issues. Weather conditions are one of the most significant factors impacting traffic light performance. In this section, we’ll look at some of the most common factors affecting traffic light performance and reliability and how to mitigate these risks. However, like any complex system, traffic lights can be affected by various factors impacting their performance and reliability. Traffic lights are essential to modern transportation systems, providing critical guidance to drivers and pedestrians alike. Factors that Can Affect Traffic Light Performance and Reliability When the traffic lights turn red, all vehicles and pedestrians must stop, and no one is allowed to cross the intersection until the lights turn green again. When the traffic lights turn green, vehicles can cross the intersection, while pedestrians can cross the street using designated crosswalks. ![]() The controller sends signals to the traffic lights, indicating when they should turn red, yellow, or green. Each traffic light is connected to a central controller, which manages traffic flow through the intersection. Whether timers or sensors control traffic lights, the basic system works similarly. Additionally, emergency vehicles such as police cars and fire trucks can often proceed through a red light if they respond to an emergency. In certain states or countries, drivers may be allowed to turn right on a red light if there is no sign prohibiting it and if they yield to any other traffic or pedestrians in the intersection. However, there are a few exceptions to this rule. Failing to stop at red lights is a serious offense and can result in a hefty fine or even a license suspension. In most cases, drivers are required by law to stop at a red light, even if no other traffic or pedestrians are present. Red signals a driver to stop, yellow indicates that the light is about to turn red and the driver should prepare to stop, and green signals that it is safe to proceed through the intersection. The three colors of traffic lights – red, yellow, and green – each have meaning and purpose. What are the benefits of smart city traffic light systems?. ![]() How do adaptive traffic light systems work?.Can traffic light sensors detect bicycles?.Safety Concerns with Traffic Light Systems.Traffic Light Laws and Regulations: What Drivers Need to Know.Disadvantages of Intelligent Traffic Light Systems. ![]() Advantages of Intelligent Traffic Light Systems.Factors that Can Affect Traffic Light Performance and Reliability. ![]()
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![]() No matter which alternative service you choose to replace Microsoft Invoicing, you should be able to import the. If you invoice more than five customers, you will move to the next level, which is priced at $9 a month. The base level of the application can be used for free for up to five customers. If you are looking for a standalone invoicing app, you might want to consider Zoho Invoicing. However, the company does collect a fee every time you use the service to collect or make an electronic payment, or if you use its payroll services. Wave services, including invoicing, can be used free of charge. Notably, this service takes a different approach to pricing. The Lite edition of FreshBooks is priced at $15 a month.Īnother complete cloud-based bookkeeping solution is Wave. The least expensive QuickBooks edition is called Simple Start, which has a monthly subscription price of $25.Ī popular cloud-based solution is FreshBooks, which also includes an invoicing module along with a complete bookkeeping system. The most obvious choice is probably QuickBooks, which not only includes an invoicing module but just about every other bookkeeping tool a small business could ask for. There are dozens of replacement invoicing applications, and which one your small business chooses will likely be determined by how many functions you want your service to perform. In theory, customer and invoicing information stored in this way can be uploaded or imported into a new invoicing application. CSV file is a simple database formatted in a comma-delimited table containing the usual pertinent information: Customer number, name, email, physical address, etc. CSV file is complete, click OK again and then close the export function.Īs you can see in Figure C, the. After an additional warning of the app’s impending retirement, click the Export button to reach the screen shown in Figure B, where the system asks for an email address.Ĭlick OK after entering the appropriate email address. To start the export process for Microsoft Invoices, login to Office365 using an account with administrative rights and then click the Export link located in the warning message at the top of the screen ( Figure A). ![]() ![]() Microsoft seems to have gone out of its way to deemphasize those features now. This feature, housed inside Office 365, was supposed to be a one-stop shop for much-needed small business activities like email marketing, service listings, website development, and invoicing. The retirement of the Microsoft Invoicing app is a bit of surprise since the company spent significant time and effort promoting the Office 365 Business Center in 2017. ![]() If users wish to save invoicing and customer data from the application before it’s lost, they will have to manually download it. In early November 2019, Microsoft announced ( Figure A) that its Invoicing app, which was part of the Office 365 Business Premium edition, will be retired and removed from the productivity suite on Feb. SEE: Microsoft Ignite 2019: Azure Arc, HoloLens 2, Edge, Quantum and Teams (TechRepublic Premium) Export Microsoft Invoicing customer data before it’s gone But, apparently, that application failed to pique user interest and is scheduled for retirement in early 2020. Microsoft added such an invoicing app to the Office 365 productivity suite in 2017. For example, cloud-based applications allow businesses to invoice and receive payments using nothing but their smartphones. Tracking customers and how much they owe for products and services should be a priority, not an afterthought.ĭigitization and cloud computing have given businesses, especially small businesses and freelancers, new invoicing capabilities. While the issuing of invoices is a fundamental part of the day-to-day activity of any business, many startups and small businesses fail to plan for it like they should. How to connect an Apple wireless keyboard to Windows 10 Microsoft offers Windows 11 for HoloLens 2 Windows 11 update brings Bing Chat into the taskbar Microsoft PowerToys 0.69.0: A breakdown of the new Registry Preview app Image: AndreyPopov, Getty Images/iStockphoto Must-read Windows coverage If you act quickly, you can preserve your customer data and import it to your replacement application. Microsoft has decided to retire the Invoicing app in Office 365 in 2020. ![]() Microsoft Invoicing is being retired–export the customer data before it is gone forever ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Or if you want to squeeze a bit more life out of the Mac you currently have, then make sure to read this. If you're on the fence about getting one of the new Macs, be sure to read CNET's review. MacOS 11 Big Sur added plenty of features to all Macs, not just the M1-based computers. Apple's attempt to block sideloading of apps appears to only focus on new installations. And, perhaps, even have the option to install those apps again. The apps can have some issues, especially with presenting alerts and prompts for permissions, but they're usable.Įven after Apple widely blocks installations, it appears you'll still have access to the apps you've already installed. (You need to be connected with your Apple ID on those apps in order to sign them). I've installed a few apps using the iMazing method, and it's a breeze. Downloading the IPA can be done with third party apps (like iMazing and iMobie M1 App Checker) but also with apps from Apple like Apple Configurator 2. Once that's done, you can open the app and use it as you would any other app on your Mac. Repeat that process for every app you've downloaded.ġ1. Finally, double-click the IPA file and your Mac will install the app and even add it directly to your Applications folder. I suggest creating a folder on your desktop and saving the files there. Here are the full pricing details with the discount.9. After an app is downloaded, right-click on it in the list and select Export IPA.ġ0. Select a location to save the IPA file when Finder prompts you, then click Save. But, TechWindy’s audience can get it at $35.99 that is 20% off. If you want to purchase a license, you will have to spend $44.99 minimum. Overall, iMazing has no major issue in terms of performance. In M1 Macs, It performs better than the intel version. One thing you should know is that iMazing is fully compatible with the Apple Silicon M1 chip. It unlocks the ability to manage multiple devices simultaneously via WiFi/Local network. After that, you will be able to manage without the cable. If there is no issues, iMazing should give you an excellent performanceĪnyway, To manage your iPhone or iPad, you will first need to connect them via lighting cable. Also, Your lightning cable is a fact here. However, If you do it wirelessly, it depends on the WiFi signal power. ![]() The content transfer and backup speed is good. You also can extract any app data, copy anything to the app folders, view the app-related folders, etc. You can uninstall any of them directly from iMazing. First of all, it shows you all the installed apps on your iOS device. IMazing has an excellent app manager with some capabilities. So, You won’t have to connect your iPhone via any cable to do it. Like most other iPhone managers, iMazing also lets you access your messages, call history, contacts, calendar, bookmarks, notes, etc. published 30 December 2020 Download Netflix shows or send Snaps on your M1 Mac (Image credit: Future) Apple’s M1 MacBook Air and MacBook Pro run on the same tech that powers your iPhone and. ![]() Users can benefit from the full performance of the M1 chip by. Access Messages, Call History, Contacts, Calendar, etc.: Moreover, iMazing is now fully compatible with M1 Macs as the latest update was built to run natively on Apple Silicon Macs. It is a best way to take your iPhone backup. iMazing will backup your iPhone via WiFi or local network following that schedule. 43,280 views 664 Dislike Share Save Brandon Geekabit 25.7K subscribers How to install any iOS iPhone/iPad app on the new M1 Mac. At this point, simply find whatever apps you'd like to install on. For our purposes, we will want to ensure we're on the 'Library' tab, shown in the image below. But, Only restoring a backup will need your iPhone to be connected via a lightning cable. Now that we have iMazing installed and linked up with our iOS device, we want to go ahead and begin the process of selecting the applications we'd like to export to our Mac. IMazing can take a complete backup of your iPhone or iPad. Transfer Contents and Manage iPhone/iPad/iPod Wirelessly: However, iMazing no longer allows you to run iOS apps and games on the latest versions of macOS including Monterey and Ventura. Now, Let’s see what you can do with iMazing. But, These are the most powerful and noticeable features. There are much more micro-features you will find in iMazing. Access Call & Browsing History, Messages, Contacts, Bookmarks, etc.Transferring Contents Between iOS and Windows/Mac.If you look at the features of iMazing, you will find the followings: MacOS Big Sur, Catalina, Mojave, High Sierra, Sierra, EI Captain, Yosemite, Mavericks Here are the technical specifications you should know. ![]() ![]() ![]() Take advantage of the glass surfaces inside your building to promote your brand or simply create a welcoming environment for your guests and clients. ![]() This allows for those people on the outside to clearly see your custom design and graphics, while the diffused natural light will still shine through to those inside. When designing your window graphics, you can pick a one-way perforated vinyl. Adding graphics to your windows doesn’t have to remove the light and airy feeling you desire. They’re built to resist fading, and will last you for as long as you need them to! Will window graphics block out natural light?Ī great bonus of having large glass storefronts or lobbies is the fact that they let in a lot of natural light. Our outdoor graphics and decals are made of a weather-resistant vinyl material, meaning they will stand up to harsh weather and UV rays. Pick simple but classic vinyl lettering to highlight your company’s tagline, or go with large graphic decals to showcase your product in a big way. Your street-facing windows are the perfect place to use graphics to display new products, promote sales and advertise your services. How do I use window graphics outside?ĭraw in new customers and welcome back returning ones with outdoor vinyl lettering and graphics for your widows. With the knowledge and experience of the team at Signs By Tomorrow Reno, your business can achieve a sharp and professional look that leaves the right impression on your customers and clients.įrom temporary, easy-to-remove static clings to more long-lasting solutions like vinyl lettering and graphics, we have the signage solution to meet your needs. Promote your products and services, inform your customers of your operating hours, or simply add a little bit of color and design with custom graphics and decals from Signs By Tomorrow Reno.īoth inside and outdoors, large glass surfaces can be put to use to promote your business. The glass front of your building or storefront likely provides you with a perfect blank canvas for you to take advantage of with custom window graphics. This job is for someone who just graduated school and needs a job ASAP.Take advantage of all available space with custom window graphics As a licensed professional, I felt insulted. We got below minimum wage plus 5% commission. The manager talked bad about employees to other employees therefor starting drama in the store. They have no idea how to run the store, let alone act professional at the same time. RIDICULOUS! Young girls should not be managing a big franchised company. The manager chose her favorite employees and would never threaten them, but when the rest of us would get 1 write-up she would tell us we were fired if we were to get another. When hired we were told if you receive 3 write-ups its an automatic termination. ![]() She would threaten our jobs every week with a "write-up" because I only sold 5 products instead of 10. If we didn't sell enough product or get the client to pre-book, we got in trouble by the manager. We did everything including waxing, selling ALL products, getting clients to pre-book. Worked for 6 months as a "wax specialist", but in reality the store stayed open because of the waxers. ![]() ![]() ![]() On the portal home page, click on the ‘Query your application payment status’ link.Please, note that your interview schedule, final e-receipt and acknowledgment slip are only accessible using your Validation Number. On confirmation of payment, proceed for Interview with relevant documents.You will be re-directed to an approved payment platform to complete your application and make your payment in US Dollars. If you select a processing country other than Nigeria, your payment will be in US Dollars.Click on "Print" button to send a copy to the printer. You will be presented with your NIS e-receipt or Acknowledgement Slip in a new window.You can now print a Receipt or an Acknowledgement Slip by using the buttons on this page.Click the "Search Record" button and you will be sent to the "Applicant’s Details" page where a date for your interview has been generated.Remember: Validation Number has been generated after payment through Bank also. If a "Validation Number" field appears, please enter the number from your 'approved payment platform provider' receipt.Go to the "Query your Application Payment Status" and enter your Passport Application ID and Reference No.You can also print a receipt by clicking the "Print the Receipt" button.Īfter payment, having obtained the "Validation Number", proceed to the NIS portal for confirmation of payment:.Store it and use it to confirm the payment. After payment, the "Validation Number" is generated.You will be prompted to " Value Card" payment page, provide information of your card & Click on "OK" button.Payment portal display application details, click on “Continue” button.For proceeding with the payment click the "PAY" button.After filling in, click "Login" button and you will be sent to the payment portal.You will be required to fill in your log-in credentials.If you intend to pay through Credit/Debit card, select " Credit/Debit card" and click continue,.(For use of your Validation Number, see the section on Validation Number below) You will need the "Validation Number" for confirmation of payment on the portal. On making payment at the bank, you MUST be issued with an 'approved payment platform provider' receipt that contains a "Validation Number".With the copy of your Payment acknowledgement slip, proceed to a participating bank for payment.The "Print Acknowledgment" button will help you print "Payment Acknowledgment Slip" with Transaction ID, Application ID & Reference Number.View the list of participating banks and then click on ‘Continue’.If you intend to pay at a bank, selected “Bank” and click continue,.If you selected option to pay in Naira, you will be prompted to select PayType (payment method): “Bank”, “Credit OR Debit card”,.Choose the currency you want to use for payment (Naira or US Dollars):.Click to select Payment Currency “Pay in Naira” or “Pay in Dollars” option then Click on ‘Continue’ button. ![]() Click on 'Submit Application' button to view ‘Applicant details page’.Fill the Application form check the 'I ACCEPT FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS FORM' check box then click the "PRINT" Button to print filled form. ![]()
![]() ![]() Consultants working in the private sector can expect to be paid more. They can also supplement their income by working in private practice.Īs well as a basic salary, doctors in training earn extra for any hours over 40 per week, a 37% enhancement for working nights, a weekend allowance for any work at the weekend and an availability allowance if they are required to be available on-call.įigures relate to the pay and conditions of medical doctors within the NHS, which is the largest employer of doctors in the UK. ![]() Consultants may apply for local and national Clinical Excellence Awards (England and Wales). Newly qualified consultants earn a basic salary of £84,559 rising to £114,003, depending on length of service. The basic salary for specialty doctors ranges from £45,124 to £77,519.As a doctor undertaking your specialist training, your basic salary ranges from £39,467 to £53,077.Junior doctors undertaking foundation training earn a basic salary of £28,808 to £33,345.teach and supervise junior doctors and medical students.undertake managerial responsibilities such as planning the workload and staffing of the department, especially at more senior levels.liaise with other medical and non-medical staff in the hospital to ensure quality treatment.work with other doctors as part of a team, either in the same department or within other specialties.make notes and prepare paperwork, both as a legal record of treatment and for the benefit of other healthcare professionals.performing operations and specialist investigations examine and talk to patients to diagnose their medical conditions.admit patients requiring special care, followed by investigations and treatment.monitor and provide general care to patients on hospital wards and in outpatient clinics.Regardless of your speciality, as a hospital doctor you'll need to: Specific tasks depend on your specialty - for instance, the work surgeons carry out on a daily basis is completely different from the workload of an accident and emergency (A&E) doctor. Some of the more common areas include:Įxplore the range of roles and specialties. There are around 60 specialties to choose from. You'll spend time working on wards and in outpatient clinics.Īs well as treating patients, you'll refer them to a range of other healthcare professionals including nurses, radiographers, pharmacists, physiotherapists and other doctors. Work is predominantly found in the public sector (NHS) but you can also work in private hospitals. This will allow you to do the things you need and love to do, all while working to avoid future heart problems.Hospital doctors examine, diagnose and treat patients with a range of illnesses, diseases and injuries who've been referred or admitted to hospitalĪs a hospital doctor, you'll apply your medical knowledge and skills to the diagnosis, treatment, management and prevention of disease and other medical conditions. You will also learn how to check your heart rate and manage your cardiac condition. Our rehab therapists work closely with you to understand your personal goals and help you attain them at a safe and healthy pace. If you are recovering from a cardiac condition, such as a heart attack, our cardiac rehabilitation program can help. Here, you will have access to advanced heart care services, such as cardiac catheterization, heart and vascular surgery and treatment for heart conditions and diseases. We offer extensive heart care in partnership with our sister facility, Henrico Doctors' Hospital. Here, we are staffed and equipped to diagnose and treat heart attacks quickly and effectively. That is why we encourage you to call 911 or come to the emergency room if you have signs of chest pain. If you are visiting our FastTrack ER, use the main emergency entrance - open daily from 11:00am to 11:00pm - to check in.Ĭhest pain can be a symptom of conditions such as acid reflux, but it is also a strong indicator of a heart attack. An extension of our main emergency room, this track is designed for minor illnesses and injuries that are not emergencies but require treatment within 24 hours, including: If you are experiencing a "minor emergency" and are unable to visit your primary care doctor, we offer a convenient solution through our walk-in FastTrack ER. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911. We are also certified as a Primary Stroke Center. To do that, our emergency room offers many resources and features, including intensive care and behavioral health services. Our top priority is making sure you receive the care you need and that we provide that care with compassion. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() (It requires you to tap a moving button on the screen multiple times.)Īs far as extra features go, wake-up checks wait a customizable amount of time before pinging you to make sure you’re not dozing off again. The number of options is great to see and ensures there will be a mission that fits into your morning, but if you can’t complete the mission, there is also an emergency workaround. These require you to, for example, shake the phone many times, scan a QR code, or solve a math problem to dismiss the alarm. One of the most notable features of the app is its wide selection of “Missions” you can attach to different alarms. We’ll note how much each app asks of you and what that money unlocks in their respective sections.Īlarmy is a feature-packed app that offers everything from loud alarms to wake-up checks. Some of these are subscription-based, while others are a one-time-purchase. Payment Model: While all the apps on this list are free to download, most of them have some form of payment option available-usually to remove ads.If you’re just interested in a standard alarm these won’t do much for you, but they still can come in handy and are, at worse, neat and harmless additions. ![]() Some apps offer weather and news summaries to check after you wake up, sleep tracking, and the option to customize how the app itself looks. Extra Features: There are a few additional features these apps can include that aren’t necessarily related to the alarm.Whether it’s a physical or mental challenge, they help you properly wake up to start your day. These “tasks,” as they’re often called, can range from shaking your phone a bunch to typing out a phrase. Tasks: Many alarm clock apps introduce new ways to disable your alarm in the morning besides the standard swipe.Options like these are what make these apps worth using in the first place, so we’ll go over what each app on this list includes. Options: Being able to set custom alarm sounds, add notes to your alarms, and adjust the vibration level of alarms are all things alarm clock apps can include to help elevate themselves above more basic apps.While an alarm clock app doesn’t sound complicated, there are some things to take into account when comparing apps. Loud and Proud: Alarm Clock for Heavy Sleepers.A Simplistic Alternative: Early Bird Alarm Clock. ![]() ![]() Users should visit all school district web sites and visit all the schools in person to verify and consider all data, including eligibility. ![]() It is the responsibility of the user to evaluate all sources of information. School data provided as-is by Niche, a third party. If you have children and desire a consistent school experience as they grow up, you may have to move later or find alternative school options. The nearby elementary school, middle school and high school quality ratings from Niche are significantly different. While the area you’re looking at right now might have great elementary schools for your young children, it’s well worth examining the middle and high schools they’ll grow up to attend. Carver Center for Arts & Technology (#10 in metro), Baltimore School for the Arts (#26 in metro) are among 4 A+/A rated public high schools in the district.Ĭhoosing an area with good school rating consistency is important. Eastern Technical High School (#6 in metro), George W. Sudbrook Magnet Middle School (#38 in metro), Perry Hall Middle School (#33 in metro), Parkville Middle School & Center of Technology (#40 in metro) are among 11 C and higher rated public middle schools in the district. Chapel Hill Elementary School (#39 in metro), Kingsville Elementary School (#254 in state), Cromwell Valley Elementary Regional Magnet School of Technology (#177 in state) are among 7 B+ and higher rated public elementary schools in the district. If you have children or plan on having in the future, checking out the nearby schools and their ratings is a good idea. ![]() It is not surprising to note that places with highly-rated public schools tend to have relatively higher home prices because of the perpetual demand for those neighborhoods. However, you are encouraged to verify these ratings through other sources including visiting the campus. Since perspective can make a difference, independent bodies like Niche assign ratings to schools and are commonly used by parents to make a decision. The definition of a good school can vary depending on what people are looking for - some might be interested in schools which have great sports programs, while others might be looking at schools that are better at preparing kids for higher education. ![]() What are the best schools in Nottingham, MD? ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() I’ll definitely be downloading some more plug-ins, and doing the bulk of my editing on this one. FTE does this with an onscreen highlight, jEdit with a. The only dislikes I’ve found so far are the slightly boring interface, the slightly steeper learning curve, and the need to download the J2RE 1.4 first, but nevertheless very much worth the effort. A few editors have a hypersearch type feature that displays all matches to a given pattern. (See the section called HyperSearch for information about the HyperSearch feature. pre-selected, and the search string field will be initially blank. My essential requirements, specifically directory search and replace, syntax highlighting, folding (a great carry-over from Visual Studio), project organisation and browsing, decent screen-space, tabbed windowing, class wizard, extensibility, great price (free), etc, are all here, plus much more than I ever thought I’d need. If the selection spans a line break, the Search in Selection and HyperSearch buttons will be. It certainly has everything I need, including the things that have been missing or poorly implemented in many of the other editors. tBooleanProperty('',true) tBooleanProperty('',true) If you are not using the dialog to undertake a search or replace, you may call any of the search and replace methods (including hyperSearch(View)) without concern for the value of these properties. Now that I’ve been using it for a couple of days, jEdit’s definately my new favourite editor (I was using Dreamweaver MX, but it comes with a hefty price tag for what it is). markers advanced search-replace: hypersearch, multi-file search. Without the step-by-step walkthrough I doubt I would have had the patience to try and figure it all out. Isabelle/jEdit for seasoned Isabelle users Isabelle/jEdit NEWS Makarius Wenzel Univ. ![]() ![]() You could import hydraulic lime from Europe, where the tradition of lime plaster has not been broken, but at a high cost financially and environmentally. It still requires knowledge and skill, but it sets faster and more consistently with less babying. It is not an easy process but it results in a water-resistant, durable, vapor-permeable finish. On larger-scale projects, like the exterior of a strawbale home in a climate that gets sideways monsoon rains, we will make our own Type S lime plaster, don our gloves and safety glass, make the mix ourselves, apply the plaster skillfully before it begins to set, and then tend to it patiently until it has cured. Although it is possible to make a good lime plaster from locally available Type S lime, it requires knowledge, skill, and a fair bit of babysitting to succeed. Then it became difficult to source lime of high enough quality to produce consistently good lime plaster. Lime plaster used to be very common in the US but was replaced by drywall and gypsum-based plasters in the last century. It is harder and more impact-resistant than clay but that makes it more difficult to repair. (If you do it wrong, it turns to useless dust on the wall.) Done right, it will not erode. If you do it right, lime plaster goes through a chemical change as it cures that effectively turns it back into limestone on the wall. ![]() Lime plaster is less vapor-permeable than clay plaster but is more vapor-permeable than cement (lime plaster is 9 perms per 2″ where straight cement plaster is less than 1 perm per 2″). Lime plaster has a much higher carbon footprint than clay plaster, it is only slightly lower than cement plaster. Sometimes a project or situation requires a plaster that can fulfill different duties. Clay plaster is easy to repair but many people do not want to have to care for their walls. Outside corners in high-traffic areas often suffer chips and dings. It is also not as hard or impact-resistant as some finishes. Magic.Ĭlay plaster has many benefits, but it does have some real limitations. You can write on clay plaster with a Sharpie marker and erase it with a damp sponge. Clay plaster has hygric mass and can help balance indoor humidity. It doesn’t bounce sound or cause echoes as much as harder finishes. Clay plaster is also anti-static which helps it repel dirt and dust. This makes it ideal for any building system where you do not want trapped moisture - which should be the goal for every building system but is often ignored in conventional construction. ![]() It draws you towards it and makes you want to touch it: I can’t explain why but it’s true.Ĭlay plaster has some magical qualities: it is one of the most vapor-permeable finishes, coming in at 11 perms per 2″ of plaster. In terms of beauty and attractiveness, clay plaster is hard to top. It is minimally processed, needs no additives, and can be sourced locally. In terms of minimizing environmental impact and carbon footprint, you cannot beat clay plaster. I love clay plaster, it has so much going for it. ![]() When I consider what plaster to use, I always think of clay plaster first. ![]() |